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What (who) is Gall - definition
INSECT-INDUCED GROWTH ON PLANT. OFTEN VERY DISTINCTIVE AND EVEN SPECIES-SPECIFIC STRUCTURES DEVELOPED WHEN INSECTS, FUNGI OR BACTERIA STIMULATE ABNORMAL GROWTH OF A PLANT
Galls; Gall (botany); Plant galls; Gallnut; Nutgall; Plant gall; Cecidium; Gallnuts; Nutgalls; Nut gall; Cecidia
![Gall from a jade plant (''[[Crassula ovata]]'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crassula ovata gall.jpg?width=200 "Gall from a jade plant (''[[Crassula ovata]]'')")
![Galls can also appear on skeletal animals and in the [[fossil]] record. Two galls with perforations on a [[crinoid]] stem (''Apiocrinites negevensis'') from the Middle [[Jurassic]] of southern [[Israel]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CrinoidGalls072713.jpg?width=200 "Galls can also appear on skeletal animals and in the [[fossil]] record. Two galls with perforations on a [[crinoid]] stem (''Apiocrinites negevensis'') from the Middle [[Jurassic]] of southern [[Israel]].")
![Galls caused by an Eriophyid mite ([[Eriophyidae]]) on ''[[Banksia integrifolia]]'' [[infructescence]] in [[Melbourne]], Australia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Galls Banksia integrifolia2021.jpg?width=200 "Galls caused by an Eriophyid mite ([[Eriophyidae]]) on ''[[Banksia integrifolia]]'' [[infructescence]] in [[Melbourne]], Australia")
![Goldenrod]] round gall made by the fly ''[[Eurosta solidaginis]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goldenrod round gall.jpg?width=200 "Goldenrod]] round gall made by the fly ''[[Eurosta solidaginis]]''")
![Sectioned oak marble gall showing central "cell", [[inquiline]] chamber, and exit-hole with a possibly parasitised stunted gall specimen.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oak marble gall sectioned.JPG?width=200 "Sectioned oak marble gall showing central \"cell\", [[inquiline]] chamber, and exit-hole with a possibly parasitised stunted gall specimen.")
![''[[Rhododendron ferrugineum]]'' infected by an ''[[Exobasidium]]'' fungus.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM - GENTO - IB-137 (Neret).JPG?width=200 "''[[Rhododendron ferrugineum]]'' infected by an ''[[Exobasidium]]'' fungus.")
![Gall on a [[maple]] leaf](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maple leaf gall.jpg?width=200 "Gall on a [[maple]] leaf")
![wild rose]] in summer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diplolepis-rosae.jpg?width=200 "wild rose]] in summer")
![[[Oak artichoke gall]] (''Andricus fecundator'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andricus foecundatrix Quercus01.jpg?width=200 "[[Oak artichoke gall]] (''Andricus fecundator'')")
![[[Knopper gall]] (''[[Andricus quercuscalicis]]'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gallwespe bedient sich Eichel2.jpg?width=200 "[[Knopper gall]] (''[[Andricus quercuscalicis]]'')")
![[[Eucalyptus]] leaf gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eucalyptus gall.jpg?width=200 "[[Eucalyptus]] leaf gall")
![''[[Andricus kollari]]'' [[oak gall]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oak Gall.jpg?width=200 "''[[Andricus kollari]]'' [[oak gall]]")
![[[Gymnosporangium]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gymnosporangium juniperii telial form.jpg?width=200 "[[Gymnosporangium]]")
![[[Oak]] marble galls, one with a gall fly exit hole and another with ''Phoma gallarum'' fungal attack](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oak marble galls 1.JPG?width=200 "[[Oak]] marble galls, one with a gall fly exit hole and another with ''Phoma gallarum'' fungal attack")
![pedunculate oak]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red-Pea gall Cynips divisa on Oak.JPG?width=200 "pedunculate oak]]")
![[[Cola-nut gall]]s (''[[Andricus lignicola]]'') on pedunculate oak](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andricus lignicola - Cola-nut Gall.JPG?width=200 "[[Cola-nut gall]]s (''[[Andricus lignicola]]'') on pedunculate oak")
![[[Pineapple gall]] on [[Sitka spruce]] caused by ''[[Adelges abietis]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pineapple gall.JPG?width=200 "[[Pineapple gall]] on [[Sitka spruce]] caused by ''[[Adelges abietis]]''")
![Developing pineapple pseudocone galls on [[Norway spruce]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Developing Pineapple Gall.JPG?width=200 "Developing pineapple pseudocone galls on [[Norway spruce]]")
![Gall of ''[[Japanagromyza inferna]]'' in ''[[Centrosema virginianum]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gall of Japanagromyza inferna in Centrosema virginianum L. - ZooKeys-374-045-g006.jpg?width=200 "Gall of ''[[Japanagromyza inferna]]'' in ''[[Centrosema virginianum]]''")
![An [[oak]] tree with multiple [[oak apple]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oakgall3800ppx.JPG?width=200 "An [[oak]] tree with multiple [[oak apple]]s")
![Lime nail galls]] (''Eriophyes tiliae tiliae'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eriophyes tilae tilae close up.JPG?width=200 "Lime nail galls]] (''Eriophyes tiliae tiliae'')")
![Leaf galls on ''[[Rhododendron ferrugineum]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rhododendron ferrugineum b.JPG?width=200 "Leaf galls on ''[[Rhododendron ferrugineum]]''")
![''[[Dasineura investita]]'' nettle gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dasineura investita gall.jpg?width=200 "''[[Dasineura investita]]'' nettle gall")
![''[[Schizomyia impatientis]]'' jewelweed flower gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schizomyia impatientis galls.jpg?width=200 "''[[Schizomyia impatientis]]'' jewelweed flower gall")
![''[[Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus]]'' hackberry gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus gall.jpg?width=200 "''[[Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus]]'' hackberry gall")
![''[[Neolasioptera boehmeriae]]'' false nettle stem gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neolasioptera boehmeriae crop.jpg?width=200 "''[[Neolasioptera boehmeriae]]'' false nettle stem gall")
![''[[Kokkocynips rileyi]]'' oak gall](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kokkocynips rileyi oak gall crop.jpg?width=200 "''[[Kokkocynips rileyi]]'' oak gall")
![''[[Phylloteras poculum]]'' oak galls](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phylloteras poculum oak gall crop.jpg?width=200 "''[[Phylloteras poculum]]'' oak galls")
![''[[Eucalyptus cypellocarpa]]'' at [[The Gap Scenic Reserve]], [[Australia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bottle Tree Eucalyptus cypellocarpa.jpg?width=200 "''[[Eucalyptus cypellocarpa]]'' at [[The Gap Scenic Reserve]], [[Australia]]")
![Gall attack on [[Eucalyptus]] due to ''[[Leptocybe invasa]]'' at [[Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gall attack.JPG?width=200 "Gall attack on [[Eucalyptus]] due to ''[[Leptocybe invasa]]'' at [[Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University]]")
![Fruit gall on ''[[Actinidia polygama]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Actinidia polygama mushi.jpg?width=200 "Fruit gall on ''[[Actinidia polygama]]''")
gall
(galls, galling, galled)
1.
If you say that someone has the gall to do something, you are criticizing them for behaving in a rude or disrespectful way.
She had the gall to suggest that I might supply her with information about what Steve was doing.
= nerve
N-UNCOUNT: oft the N of n, the N to-inf [disapproval]
2.
If someone's action galls you, it makes you feel very angry or annoyed, often because it is unfair to you and you cannot do anything about it.
It must have galled him that Bardo thwarted each of these measures...
It was their serenity which galled her most.
VERB: it V n that, V n, also it V n to-inf
• galling
It was especially galling to be criticised by this scoundrel.
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ
3.
A gall is a growth on the surface of a plant that is caused by an insect, disease, fungus, or injury.
N-COUNT
gall
gall1 [g?:l]
¦ noun
1. bold and impudent behaviour.
2. an animal's gall bladder.
archaic the contents of the gall bladder; bile.
3. bitterness or cruelty: life's gall.
Origin
OE gealla (denoting bile), of Gmc origin.
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gall2 [g?:l]
¦ noun
1. annoyance or resentment.
2. a sore on the skin made by chafing.
¦ verb
1. make annoyed or resentful.
2. make sore by chafing.
Derivatives
galling adjective
gallingly adverb
Origin
OE gealle 'sore on a horse', perh. related to gall1.
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gall3 [g?:l]
¦ noun an abnormal growth formed in response to the presence of insect larvae, mites, or fungi on plants and trees, especially oaks.
?[as modifier] denoting insects or mites that produce galls.
Origin
ME: via OFr. from L. galla.
Gall
·noun The gall bladder.
II. Gall ·noun Impudence; brazen assurance.
III. Gall ·noun A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
IV. Gall ·vt To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.
V. Gall ·noun Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
IX. Gall ·noun The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
X. Gall ·vt To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to Chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
XI. Gall ·noun An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, ·etc. ·see Gallnut.
Wikipedia
Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing.
Examples of use of Gall
1. Gall stones can get stuck as they exit the gall bladder, leading to colocystitis, an infected gall bladder.
2. This gall of the wealthy in Israel is the gall of the lord who fears nothing.
3. This stimulates the gall bladder to produce more bile, leading to gall stones.
4. This time the rabbinic judges‘ gall is utterly intolerable.
5. Some might call that hypocrisy; others, unmitigated gall.